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Install NginX and PHP with PHP-FPM, MySQL and APC

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published by Vlad on Sat, 07/24/2010 - 09:52

*** This entire article is also provided as a script, available on GitHub. Check the README file for instructions on how to run the installer.

*** DISCLAIMER: All content provided here including the scripts is provided without any warranty. You use it at your own risk. I can not be held responsible for any damage that may occur because of it. By using the scripts I provide here you accept this terms.

*** Please bear in mind that this method is intended for development and testing purposes only. If you care about stability and security you should use the packages provided by your distribution.

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In this tutorial I will compile the latest NginX (1.1.15) and PHP (5.3.10) with FPM, MySQL, Suhosin and APC (3.1.9) on Ubuntu 11.04 (All the steps and dependencies should be the same for Ubuntu 10.04 and 10.10).

I will not explain how to configure NginX here. You can find a lot of resources about that on the nginx wiki.

In order to compile these programs you will need the following dependencies (most of them should already be installed):

apt-get install htop binutils cpp flex gcc libarchive-zip-perl libc6-dev libcompress-zlib-perl m4 libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libssl-dev libpopt-dev lynx make perl perl-modules openssl unzip zip autoconf2.13 gnu-standards automake libtool bison build-essential zlib1g-dev ntp ntpdate autotools-dev g++ bc subversion psmisc

And also some libraries for PHP:

apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libjpeg62-dev libpng3-dev libxpm-dev libfreetype6-dev libt1-dev libmcrypt-dev libxslt1-dev libbz2-dev libxml2-dev libevent-dev libltdl-dev libmagickwand-dev imagemagick

Now let's create a folder in which we can play:

mkdir ~/lemp
cd ~/lemp

and start downloading the sources:

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.1.15.tar.gz
wget http://nginx-init-ubuntu.googlecode.com/files/nginx-init-ubuntu_v2.0.0-RC2.tar.bz2
wget http://us.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.10.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/APC-3.1.9.tgz
wget http://download.suhosin.org/suhosin-0.9.33.tgz

You can visit each site in order to find faster mirrors. Now decompress them:

tar zxvf nginx-1.1.15.tar.gz
tar jxvf nginx-init-ubuntu_v2.0.0-RC2.tar.bz2
tar xzvf php-5.3.10.tar.gz
tar xzvf APC-3.1.9.tgz
tar zxvf suhosin-0.9.33.tgz

And now let's install them one by one. I like to put everything I compile by myself in one place, the /opt directory. By doing this I know where to find things like configuration files and libraries.

cd nginx-1.1.15/

./configure \
  --prefix=/opt/nginx \
  --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
  --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
  --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body \
  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy \
  --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi \
  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi \
  --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi \
  --with-http_stub_status_module \
  --with-http_ssl_module \
  --with-http_realip_module \
  --with-http_gzip_static_module \
  --user=www-data \
  --group=www-data \
  --without-mail_pop3_module \
  --without-mail_imap_module \
  --without-mail_smtp_module
 
make
make install

cd ..
mv nginx /etc/init.d
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
update-rc.d -f nginx defaults

Before you use this init script you must edit it first and change the following constants:

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/nginx/sbin
DAEMON=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/nginx.lock
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

These paths are declared in the nginx's ./configure script above.

You sould also create the file /etc/logrotate.d/nginx in order to compress the logs.

vi /etc/logrotate.d/nginx

And add the following lines:

/var/log/nginx/*.log {
        weekly
        missingok
        rotate 52
        compress
        delaycompress
        notifempty
        create 640 root adm
        sharedscripts
        postrotate
                [ ! -f /var/run/nginx.pid ] || kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
        endscript
}

You can also find a very simple configuration for nginx at https://github.com/vladgh/VladGh.com/blob/master/nginx.conf

If you run Ubuntu 11.04 you might find that some libraries have a different path so you might need to run the following set of commands:

For 64 bit:

[ -f /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so ] && ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/libjpeg.so
[ -f /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng.so ] && ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng.so /usr/lib/libpng.so

For 32 bit:

[ -f /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so ] && ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/libjpeg.so
[ -f /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpng.so ] && ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpng.so /usr/lib/libpng.so

Now let's compile the PHP packages:

mkdir /var/www && chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
cd php-5.3.10

./buildconf --force

./configure \
  --prefix=/opt/php5 \
  --with-config-file-path=/opt/php5/etc \
  --with-config-file-scan-dir=/opt/php5/etc/conf.d \
  --with-curl \
  --with-pear \
  --with-gd \
  --with-jpeg-dir \
  --with-png-dir \
  --with-zlib \
  --with-xpm-dir \
  --with-freetype-dir \
  --with-t1lib \
  --with-mcrypt \
  --with-mhash \
  --with-mysql \
  --with-mysqli \
  --with-pdo-mysql \
  --with-openssl \
  --with-xmlrpc \
  --with-xsl \
  --with-bz2 \
  --with-gettext \
  --with-fpm-user=www-data \
  --with-fpm-group=www-data \
  --disable-debug \
  --enable-fpm \
  --enable-exif \
  --enable-wddx \
  --enable-zip \
  --enable-bcmath \
  --enable-calendar \
  --enable-ftp \
  --enable-mbstring \
  --enable-soap \
  --enable-sockets \
  --enable-sqlite-utf8 \
  --enable-shmop \
  --enable-dba \
  --enable-sysvsem \
  --enable-sysvshm \
  --enable-sysvmsg

make
make install

Because the executables are not in a standard location I added the following lines to /etc/environment so that the new path is always loaded:

export PATH="$PATH:/opt/php5/bin:/opt/php5/sbin"
echo "PATH=\"$PATH\"" > /etc/environment

The next step is to configure PHP-FPM:

mkdir /var/log/php-fpm
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/log/php-fpm
cp -f php.ini-production /opt/php5/etc/php.ini
chmod 644 /opt/php5/etc/php.ini
cp /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp -f sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
update-rc.d -f php-fpm defaults

If you installed these somewhere custom like me you should also modify the init file for php-fpm (/etc/init.d/php-fpm):

prefix=/opt/php5 ##(in this case only, maybe you have it somewhere else)
exec_prefix=${prefix}
php_fpm_BIN=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php-fpm.pid

Also, make the desired modifications to /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf file. Pay attention to the pid file, socket, and dynamic processes. A sample conf file can be found here.

Create /etc/logrotate.d/php-fpm with the following:

/var/log/php-fpm/*.log {
        weekly
        missingok
        rotate 52
        compress
        delaycompress
        notifempty
        create 640 www-data www-data
        sharedscripts
        postrotate
                [ ! -f /var/run/php-fpm.pid ] || kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/php-fpm.pid`
        endscript
}

Now let's install the latest APC:

cd ../APC-3.1.9
/opt/php5/bin/phpize -clean
./configure --enable-apc --with-php-config=/opt/php5/bin/php-config --with-libdir=/opt/php5/lib/php
make
make test
make install

You will have to add the extension in php.ini:

mkdir /opt/php5/etc/conf.d

echo 'extension = apc.so
apc.enabled = 1
apc.shm_size = 128M
apc.shm_segments=1
apc.write_lock = 1
apc.rfc1867 = On
apc.ttl=7200
apc.user_ttl=7200
apc.num_files_hint=1024
apc.mmap_file_mask=/tmp/apc.XXXXXX
apc.enable_cli=1
; Optional, for "[apc-warning] Potential cache slam averted for key... errors"
; apc.slam_defense = Off
' > /opt/php5/etc/conf.d/apc.ini

Now let's install the Suhosin extension:

cd ../suhosin-0.9.33

/opt/php5/bin/phpize -clean
./configure
make
make test
make install

echo '; Suhosin Extension
extension = suhosin.so' >/opt/php5/etc/conf.d/suhosin.ini

This is it! You can now start the servers:

/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
/etc/init.d/nginx start

Now for the MySQL part:

apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

This should be enough to get MySQL up and running. For additional config parameters look into the /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.1/examples folder and you will find a few configurations. You can also get the MySQLTuner.pl script which will give a lot more information on how to fine tune your mysql server:

wget mysqltuner.pl

You should now have a fully functional LEMP platform.

*** This entire article is also provided as a script, available at https://github.com/vladgh/VladGh.com-LEMP. Check the README file for instructions on how to run the installer.

Tags: 
NginX
PHP-FPM
MySQL
Suhosin
APC
Imagick
Ubuntu

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Comments

Submitted by Ryan Jauregui (not verified) on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:25.
I wanted to say thank you for writing this up. It really helped me to get nginx running with php-fpm which I was having trouble doing after reading about 20 other write-ups as well as spending hours of wasted time trying to figure it out on my own, which just did not work. Thanks again!
Vlad's picture

Submitted by Vlad on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:27.

I tried them all, and after failing so many times, I compiled everything by myself.

Submitted by Guest (not verified) on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:27.
when i try to start php fpm i get: [ALERT] [pool www] pm.min_spare_servers(0) must be a positive value Aug 20 16:46:39.110439 [ERROR] failed to post process the configuration
Vlad's picture

Submitted by Vlad on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:28.

I have the following working configuration on a 512MB RAM machine:

pm.max_children = 20
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
pm.max_requests = 500

So just do as the error said: increase the number of min_spare_servers. Also I think the number of start servers needs to be equal or greater than max_spare_servers.

Submitted by desmond (not verified) on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:29.
Can i install solr also from you previous guide http://vladgh.com/blog/apache-solr-tomcat-6-and-drupal-ubuntu-1004 after I install NginX and PHP 5.3.3 with PHP-FPM, MySQL and APC?
Vlad's picture

Submitted by Vlad on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:29.

Of course you can.

Submitted by Guest (not verified) on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:31.

I finally installed everything, started every process but there's no way to parse php i guess.

in my nginx.conf

location ~ .php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; #also tried with /html$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        /opt/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;
        }

on the browser i see only The page you are looking for is temporarily unavailable.
Please try again later., wich is the 50x.html

Vlad's picture

Submitted by Vlad on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:32.

First of all check the php-fpm.conf file to see if it is listening on a socket or tcp:

;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock

If you used my example attached to this article it'a a socket so your it should be:
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm.sock
Or whatever your sock file is...
If not you can check the location regexp, and change it into location ~ \.php$ (Maybe the dot needs to be escaped).
Then you can try using absolute paths, so instead of just html, something like /opt/nginx/html.

Submitted by Seth (not verified) on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:32.
Vlad, thanks for writing this tutorial! I am having an issue getting PHP-FPM to start. When I run the 'sudo /etc/init.d/php-fpm start' command it stalls and then fails. It says... Starting pfp-fpm ................................ failed.
Vlad's picture

Submitted by Vlad on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 09:33.

You have to either set the right permissions for your .pid file and/or .sock, or to adjust the init file (/etc/init.d/php-fpm) to include the corect paths to the fpm files:

prefix=/opt/php5 ##(in this case only, maybe you have it somewhere else)
exec_prefix=${prefix}
php_fpm_BIN=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php-fpm.pid

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